Under the law, the Fed has the authority to lend to any nonbank, but only if the loan is "secured to the satisfaction of the Federal Reserve bank."

按照法律规定，美联储有权力为任何一家非银行机构贷款，但是只有在贷款的“安全性令美联储感到满意”的情况下才可以这么做。

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The American Bankers Association in 2011 asked the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau to apply consumer financial protection laws uniformly across the financial sector regardless of whether an entity is a traditional bank or one of the evolving nonbank payment providers.

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This kind of nonbank banking reaches rapidly into the hinterlands that have never seen a bank branch or even a teller machine.

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Shadow banking includes lending by nonbank institutions such as trusts, which are lightly regulated investment companies, as well as forms of bank credit that are kept off official balance sheets.

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